Jussive (Clauses) Definition and Examples

Jussive (Clauses) Definition and Examples A jussive is a type of clause (or a form of a verb) that expresses an order or command. In Semantics (1977), John Lyons notes that the term imperative sentence is often employed by other writers in the broader sense that we have given here to jussive sentence; and this can lead to confusion. Etymology: from the Latin, command Example Jussives include not only imperatives, as narrowly defined, but also related non-imperative clauses, including some in subjunctive mood: Be sensible.You be quiet.Everybody listen.Lets forget it.Heaven help us.It is important that he keep this a secret. The term jussive is, however, used to some extent as a syntactic label, and in this use would not include commands expressed as straight declaratives, e.g. You will do what I say. In popular grammars, where the term is not used, such structures would be dealt with under an expanded imperative label and under subjunctives. (Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Commentary Jussive: A term sometimes used in the grammatical analysis of verbs, to refer to a type of mood often equated with an imperative (leave!), but in some languages needing to be distinguished from it. For example, in Amharic, a jussive paradigm is used for wishes (May God give you strength), greetings, and certain other contexts, and this is formally distinct from the imperative. (David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 4th ed. Blackwell, 1997)Imperatives constitute a subclass of a somewhat larger class of jussive clauses. . . . Non-imperative jussives include main clauses like The devil take the hindmost, God save the queen, So be it, and subordinate clauses like [It is essential] that he accompany her, [I insist] that they not be told. The construction exemplified here is productive only in subordinate clauses: the main clauses are virtually restricted to fixed expressions or formulae. Like imperatives they have a base form as first verb... A number of other relative ly minor main clause constructions might be included in the jussive category: May you be forgiven!, If that is what the premier intends, let him say so, and so on. (Rodney Huddleston, English Grammar: An Outline. Cambridge University Press, 1988) [John] Lyons [Semantics, 1977: 747] argues that the imperative can only be, strictly, second person, and never third person (or first person). This may, however, be no more than a terminological issue, since first and third person imperatives are often simply called jussives. Bybee (1985: 171) suggests that where there is a full set of person-number forms the term optative is used, but this is not entirely suitable in view of the fact that the term is used traditionally for the optative mood in Classical Greek (8.2.2)...  The term Jussive (plus Imperative) is preferred here. (F. R. Palmer, Mood and Modality, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2001)

The Concept of Organizational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Concept of Organizational Leadership - Essay Example Second, leaders must be able to articulate that vision to other members of the team and to obtain their commitment to that objective. Thirdly, leaders must develop and implement a plan to attain that goal. Good leadership is a result of careful application of the skills. Leadership in the 21st Century requires a special skill set because of the changing pace of business, fluctuating market conditions, increased competition, and changes in the workforce. Successful leaders are vital to successful organizations, so it is imperative that today's leaders are skilled at using techniques that fit our changing world. Leadership also concerns listening, as well as making a real connect with other people. Leaders create followers. The duty of a leader is to support people to get things done. Leaders and followers are symmetrical because they need each other. They discover ways to make groups of followers, and with that, group they change a lot of things. After examining the evolution of leadership I realized that it demonstrated leadership in today's world requires more than the ability to manipulate data and manage people. To survive in the 21st century, we're going to need a new generation of leaders--leaders, not managers. These two managerial functions are certainly aspects of the commonly held views of traditional leadership, but to survive in today's world, leaders cannot rely only on managerial skills. To develop strong leadership, leaders need to think about their role in a more holistic sense by shifting away from traditional paradigms of leadership and employing a learning attitude within their leadership role. Holistic leadership requires using creative and critical thought as an agent of change. In the past 15 years, leadership has undergone tremendous change. The typical decision-making through the top-down corporate hierarchical structure has given way to organizational teams empowered with decision-making capabilities .I believe that creativity and critical thought play a key role in successful leadership. As companies become larger and more diverse, necessity dictates that leadership be a shared activity. Shifting the locus of control from a single individual to smaller groups of stakeholders ensures that the business will continue to expand and remain competitive. Consider the world of competitive sports as an example of team members working toward a common goal. The coach plays the role of team leader and each player uses his strength for the success of the team. Good leaders know that leadership is dynamic; every new experience provides opportunities for reflection, learning, and change. In athletics, the team works as a whole to practice for improvement. High performing teams are supportive and encouraging causing the creativity of the work environment to mature at warp speed. Effective leaders develop work teams to facilitate learning which leads to more rapid growth and change. As the para digm shifts from top down leadership to team leadership, change occurs. Senge's (1990) theory suggests that effective leadership combines five

Reflective Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective Report - Coursework Example Different activities or roles are performed throughout a meeting to assist partakers in attaining the meeting objectives. Enabling or simplification of successful outcomes is the duty of both executives and members. Executives who are equipped to be competent, productive, and self-confident are capable of accomplishing tasks, cultivate a solid, unified group environment, and form strong relationships (Dwyer, 2012). They enable the attainment of goals and encourage the full involvement of others at the meeting. Specifically, I have learned that an executive with competent meeting skills is capable of guiding and strengthening the meeting at every phase. At the start of the meeting, the executive should explain and obtain agreement on objectives, specify conditions, rules, and duties, and promote a strong group environment. For the duration of the meeting, the executive should assist the team in adjusting and implementing the programme, achieve the task goals, formulate action plans, make decisions, create and sustain positive relationships, and make sure the team environment is productive (Dwyer, 2012). At the end of the meeting, the executive should sum up and specify any aspect that demand future response and call the attention of participants about the important details of the meeting. After the meeting, the executive should distribute or communicate outcomes in a prompt way; assess the success of the meeting; observe execution of the action plan; and recommend adjustments for prospecti ve meetings. Open and effective communication and competent executive meeting skills result in a successful meeting that facilitates decision-making and implementation of actions in order to attain desired outcomes. Moreover, developing a vision, making preparations early on, establishing goals throughout the meeting and setting requirements for feedback or follow-up and evaluation later on are crucial. Simply put, an

Social Network - Facebook Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Network - Facebook - Research Proposal Example It represents the realization of the concept known as citizen journalism which allows anybody to become a mass communicator. In doing this, there are a number of ethical issues on its implementation, more often than not people lie a lot about themselves and the posts they make on Facebook, which is a feature that is of great concern on the information that people consume on such social platforms. Furthermore, these platforms provide the perfect infrastructure for impersonation and other forms of social vices. Besides the numerous ethical concerns about the use of the social media, this platform has also enhanced the forms of cybercrimes. Cybercrime is also a new term in security, which infers to the use of the internet to commit crimes. Facebook provides a perfect platform for intensified interaction, which enables criminals to observe the activities of their victims. It further forms a perfect platform for blackmail and a means of extortion from the unsuspecting public. Impersonatio n is a trending feature on Facebook, one in which people run fake accounts for public figures such as politicians and other celebrities. Some of such users are unscrupulous enough to extort money from their users in the disguise for favors associated with the real names of celebrities. The ability to maintain a high level of anonymity allows these users the privilege of staying unidentified. The internet introduced a number of online payment mechanisms which therefore make possible the cyber crimes and the numerous extortion schemes. The research further investigates the forms of cybercrime on this social platform and the possible targets of such criminal acts. The literature review is a mandatory segment in researches. In this part, the researcher analyzes preexisting knowledge on the topic. Facebook and social network are two new terminologies following the advent of the internet. The growth of social media has been significant over the years (Aggarwal, 2011). However, the two hav e attracted a substantial attention from researchers resulting in adequate literature addressing their usage and the ethical concerns they present. Cyber crimes have been in existence since the 1980s following the invention of the internet. This implies that the topic has adequate literature material describing its uniqueness and the mode of societal infiltration. An effective analysis of the literature develops a background on which the research runs (Goddard & Melville, 2001). This research seeks to analyse the ethical concerns that arise on the use of this global social platform. Vices such as cybersex are common (Stenzel and Melissa, 2011). In doing this, the research uses a unique structure of data collection and analysis. Facebook, just as any other social network, is availed on any internet network. This implies that it enjoys the features of the internet such as unlimited access, interactivity, and multimodality among others. With the employment of these features, it becomes very convenient carrying out the research. The research employs a unique data collection strategy referred to as content analysis. This is used in conjunction with the other traditional data collection strategies such as the use of interviews, observations, and using questionnaires. Content analysis is a data collection method in which the researcher simply analyses the Facebook accounts and profiles of friends and other available users (Goddard & Melville, 2001). Facebook allows anybody to view any page provided the owners make the pages public. This thus gives the research methodology the convenience of conducting the research from the confines of one’

A modern online university Vision E University Essay Example for Free

A modern online university Vision E University Essay Vision E University is a modern online university established in 2017. The name was inspired by visualizing the future of University Education, where there is higher use of technology which eases the education for all students from all around the world. This idea is based on the approach of the technology is leaning towards online services, like online shopping, online banking, etc. therefore Vision E University wanted to provide quality online education. Vision E University provides bachelors and master’s degree for all majors in the business sector, engineering sector, IT sector, Law sector, and Arts sector. Where the university provides an environment that all students can register online through the university website, the students can also attend their classes online, added to that examine and provide the reports online. These aspects ease the transportation for the students; therefore students from all around the world can gain their university degree online. 1. What makes vision E-university unique? †¢ What makes Vision E-University unique is that it is very flexible; there is no limit to the number of students the University can hold therefore everyone in the world can get a chance to gain their university degree. The University is also very flexible with the timings for the students, as they can register and enter the university at any month, every semester will be three months long. Added to that they can make their schedule based on the timings that suits them as students might be from different countries with different timings, plus they can include as many subjects as they can with a maximum of 8 subjects and a minimum of 1 per course, this will help the students with their funding as they might not be able to afford all subjects at once, and there are no limited years for a student to graduate. This is because Vision E-University aims to provide a chance for quality education for all of the students from all ages and positions, including undergraduates, house wifeâ⠂¬â„¢s, employees and etc. †¢ As some people might be embarrassed to study in a campus with young students, and might not be able to attend all of the classes on the campus because of other duties. Vision E university provides the solution, as these students will attend online, and they will be where they feel comfortable, and they can take the online courses at the time that suits them. 2. Features and characteristics o The three-month course will include online books, and a website was the online courses videos will be uploaded to the student directly based on the subjects they chose. Added to that a schedule will be included containing all deadlines for the projects homework and tests. The University will provide every student with a memory of 1 terabyte in the Google-powered cloud called One Drive, as they can save their work and research in it, without getting and they can access their data on any device. All the assignments and homework’s and tests will be submitted online. o There will be doctors and professors from all around the world to correct and answer the students online. The University’s website will include a smart search engine that is connected to all of the courses in the university, where students can ask any question that is included in the books or lectures and the search engine will provide them with all of the data they need. As well as a social link where the students from many cultures can share their experiences and help each other with questions and connect together. o The mission of Vision E University is to create excellent learning and online research environment, through delivering flexible and effective education for international students. And the vision of the university is to be the leading Online University of providing the best online system and education.

Knowledge Management and Instructional Technology Essay -- Knowledge M

Knowledge Management and Instructional Technology The new "buzz word" in many corporate circles currently is the term "Knowledge Management or K.M." KM is considered mostly a role for the Information Technologist because of its storage of the company's information on databases. Because of the "info-glut" that is occurring in many corporations, K.M. is strongly becoming the role for the Instructional Technologist to group that information into training modules for the corporate Intranet, so that the corporation's employees can retrieve the "knowledge" in a real-time, need-to-know basis. In this white paper, I will define Knowledge Management from a business and an educational perspective. I will also discuss two basic strategies for Knowledge Management and the role the Instructional Technologist will have in the process. What is Knowledge Management? From the business perspective, the definition of Knowledge Management from the Business College of the University of Texas is The systematic process of finding, selecting, organizing, distilling, and presenting information in a way that improves an employee's comprehension in a specific area of interest. Knowledge management helps the organization to gain insight and understanding from its own experience. Specific Knowledge Management activities help focus the organization on acquiring, storing and utilizing knowledge for such things as problem-solving, dynamic learning, strategic planning and decision making (1998). In the article "Intellectual Capital and You" in Training Magazine, Knowledge Management is defined as " An effort to capture or tap an organization's collective experience and wisdom- including the tacit know-how that exists in people's head... ...eved September 17, 1999 from EBSCO Business Search on the Galileo: http://www.galileo.gsu.edu. Gordon, J. (1999). The whole enchilada: intellectual capital and you. Training Magazine Retrieved on September 13, 1999 from Training Supersite: http: //www.trainingsupersite.com/publications/magazines/training/909cover.htm Hansen, M., Nohria, N. & Tierney, T. ( 1999, March-April). What's your strategy for managing knowledge? Harvard Business Review, reprint 990206 Mudge, A. (1999, April-May). Knowledge Management: Do we know that we know? Communication World, (16)5, Retrieved on September 17, 1999 from EBSCO Business Search: http://mariner.galileo.gsu.edu Van Buren, M. (1999, May). A yardstick for knowledge management, Training & Development, (53)5 pp. 71+ Retrieved on September 17, 1999 from EBSCO Business Search on Galileo: http://mariner.galileo.gsu.edu

The Analysis of the Main Character †the Grandmother in “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” Essay

In the story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† written by Flannery O’Connor, the grandmother is the central character who grows and changes with the story develops, she is a round and dynamic character. At first, she seems to be an unpleasant, contemptible and selfish old lady who is skeptical about her religion. But in the end, when â€Å"her head cleared for an instant,† the grandmother becomes a real believer of God. And she is heading straight to heaven for her final Christ-like act of love the moment before she dies. That is, she moves from spiritual blindness to grace. And that is the method that the author uses to relate her to the theme of the story. Grandmother before the moment of grace First of all, she is selfish and unpleasant. When her family prepares to go on vacation in Florida, she persuades them to go to east Tennessee, where she has relatives. Unable to convince them, she uses the news that a psychopathic killer who calls himself The Misfit is heading toward Florida as an excuse to change her son Bailey’s mind. The grandmother is so self-centered that she just imposes her wish on those people around her. Also, her vanity and old belief make her an unpleasant character. She always claims to be a lady and thinks much of wealth and social status. When they set out to Florida, she dresses in her best clothes and an ostentatious hat lest no one can recognize her as a refined lady if she dies in an accident along the road. â€Å"The grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her necklin e she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet.† From her perspective of identity, I can see that she defines people externally, by clothing. And she tells her grandchildren, John Wesley and June Star, that â€Å"she would have done well to marry Mr. Teagarden because he was a gentle man and had bought Coca-Cola stock when it first came out and that he had died only a few years ago, a very wealthy man.† At this point, the grandmother appears to be the woman of old South who holds the outdated idea of hierarchy. She thinks only a gentleman who is rich can march with a lady, which is a stereotypically southern aristocratic prejudice. What’s more, she is a racist and opinionated. â€Å"Oh, look at the  cute little pickaninny!† she said†¦ â€Å"Wouldn’t he make a picture now?† â€Å"He didn’t have any britches on,† June Star said. â€Å"He probably didn’t have any,† the grandmother explained. â€Å"Little niggers in the country don’t have things like we do.â €  Her affection for the South and the days of slavery are still influencing her. According to her understanding, black people, especially kids are supposed to be poor. They belong to the lower class of the society so that they are inferior to her, who is a lady from the upper class. She considers herself morally superior to others by the virtue of her being a â€Å"lady†, and she freely and frequently makes judgment on others. At lunchtime, they stop at Red Sammy’s, a barbecue eatery, where the grandmother laments that â€Å"people are certainly not nice like they used to be†. During the conversation with Red Sammy, the grandmother, narrow-minded and opinionated, repeatedly assures herself that she is a lady, a good Christian, and a good judge of character. She maintains that Red Sammy, a bossy loudmouth, is a â€Å"good man† and that Europe â€Å"was entirely to blame for the way things were now.† The part that grandmother is selfish, vain, arrogant and judgmental only makes her unpleasant for me, but when she gets her family h urt, she turns out to be contemptible. After they leave the roadhouse, her obstinacy about going to Tennessee blinds her sense of direction, she manipulates her son into making a detour to see an old plantation she once visited as a girl. First, she arouses the kids’ interest to find a house with secret panel, and then she depicts the tour to the plantation â€Å"would be very educational for them†. She is well aware that any father would not reject something labeled â€Å"educational†, so she manipulates them to get what she wants. And this leads them to a very dangerous tour, which they have an accident later because the cat Pitty Sing she selfishly sneaks out leaps onto Bailey and he loses control of the car on the dirt road. In such awful situation, all that she cares about is to avoid the responsibility, so she pretends to be injured. Although she is an old lady, this behavior is really out of line. No one should put their family at risk and find themselves an excuse to escape from the responsibi lity. Her selfishness is more evident when the whole family are confronting with the Misfit, a serial killer. Technically, it is the grandmother recognizing the identity of the Misfit that gets all her family killed. However, she never beg the Misfit to spare her family, she just pleads for her own life. In her  conversation with the Misfit, she tells him, â€Å"If you would pray†¦Jesus would help you.† She calls on â€Å"Jesus† a number of times, but I am not sure if she means â€Å"Jesus will help you† or â€Å"she might be cursing† as she begs the Misfit â€Å"not to shoot a lady.† Plus, for one moment just before she dies, the old lady doubts Jesus, or at least feels abandoned: â€Å"Maybe he didn’t raise the dead†. It is an understandable reaction, after the colossal shock she has undergone: she knows that her family has been massacred. Here, her faith has been tested here. Therefore, I can only assume that the grandmother is a superficial Christian who scepticizes her belief sometimes. Grandmother’s change However, in the end, when â€Å"her head cleared for an instant,† the grandmother has a moment of insight. The moment she reaches out to the Misfit and declares â€Å"You’re one of my own children†, she reveals and offers to the Misfit her compassionate love, she experiences what O’Connor refers to as her â€Å"moment of grace,† a time when she recognizes that she shares some trait with the Misfit despite their obvious differences. She knows she is far from a good person, she is flawed just as the Misfit. She abandons the moral high ground she had held and accepts the common humanity. Here is her religious epiphany. By embracing the moment of grace, she turns into a devout Christian, she believing in Jesus and is ready to â€Å"thow away everything and follow Him†. The link between the grandmother and the theme The link between the grandmother and the theme lies in the moment she embraces the moment of grace. The grandmother travels from the recognition only of her own selfish desires to self-recognition of herself in other through suffering. That is, she moves from spiritual blindness to grace. O’Connor suggests that the grandmother has received grace since Jesus â€Å"thrown everything off balance† by dying on a cross Himself. Thus, suffering is an essential part of receiving grace, and with the help of the Misfit, the grandmother has made this journey of suffering, a journey from spiritual blindness and selfishness to suffering, and finally grace. This passage witnesses the change of a selfish, arrogant old woman. Even though she has all these weaknesses at the beginning, she becomes the â€Å"good man† when she embracing the moment of grace. Violence and suffering are the necessary  ingredients to help her change. In fact, both the experience of the grandmother re veals that good â€Å"is hard to find†. References: 1 A Good Man Is Hard to Find (short story), from Wikipedia 2 SparkNotes: A good man is hard to find, Analysis of Major Characters 3 é «ËœÃ¦  ©Ã¦â„¢ ®Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€" ¥Ã¥ ¿â€"ï ¼Å'è ¯ »Ã¤ ¹ ¦Ã§ ¬â€Ã¨ ® °-A good man is hard to findï ¼Å'æ  ¥Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ¤ º ºÃ¤ º ºÃ§ ½â€˜ 4 è“ Ã¨â€° ²Ã¨ ½ »Ã©â€º ¨Ã¦ ° ´Ã¥  °Ã¯ ¼Å'PPT – A good man is hard to findï ¼Å'æ  ¥Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ§â„¢ ¾Ã¥ º ¦Ã¦â€"‡å ºâ€œ