Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Zappos.Com Case Essay free essay sample

Organization made such a progress because of its corporate culture and an estimation of outrageous fixation on its clients. In the retail business on of the pointers of retailer achievement is the degree of client return and Zappos prevail to accomplish this marker on an exceptionally elevated level. Corporate culture was tied in with conveying WOW impact through help and employing individuals who were energetic about assistance was the most significant worries of the top-directors. This WOW impact was conveying through numerous ways: from the speed of site stacking, all-round phone support, stipend for 365 days of return, broad data about the items and quick site stacking. That’s why clients were eager to make buys all the more frequently. As I would see it, administration is a significant piece of giving feasible deals development to the organization as it makes a picture of solid organization which works in the web and encourages individuals to pick between customary shopping and e-shopping. This picture while oversaw appropriately was an economical upper hand for Zappos. As it was for the most part referenced highlights of a corporate culture which give this upper hand than we can say that corporate culture is a foundation for it. 2. As indicated by the situation of the organization to hold unwaveringness of the clients and give WOW impact through help, it turned out to be increasingly imperative to utilize UPS as a dependable coordinations supplier and compose 1-day air conveyance with no additional cost. Along these lines, I can expect that decreasing promoting costs for increasing new clients were the correct choice as long haul association with past clients had the option to produce benefit and new clients over the long haul viewpoint. From another side, Zappos had the option to keep transportation costs on the consistent level somewhat from the size of the joint effort with UPS (as it was referenced, Zappos has gotten one of the best three UPS shippers). Also, as it was assessed, UPS ground delivering had the option to arrive at just 11% of Zappos’ client inside 1 day. Knowing the way that buyers became accustomed to high subjective and quick conveyance, this could essentially hurt the view of the brand by faithful clients. This is the motivation behind why organization didn’t decline to give one-day air transporting. . As a matter of first importance, we ought to comprehend that in circumstance of emergency individuals are diminishing their spending on very good quality items in the event that they recently had open doors for that. That’s why it tends to be recommended, that organization should focus more on mass market items and lessening costs while being exceptionally cautious about versat ile extension. As it was referenced for the situation, Zappos scanned for chances to improve its flexibly chain without destructive impact on consumer loyalty. Starting here of view, organization can focus more on holding faithful clients and gaining new clients incompletely by giving limited time rebate activities, and yet keep costs on a similar level, else it can make a feeling of discounter among Zappos customers. 4. The most significant concern while extending such business as Zappos is holding this WOW impact. There are numerous elements which could influence this administration arranged culture adversely, with the goal that organization ought to comprehend that quick extension in the circumstance of emergency can be exceptionally dangerous. From the other hand, there is no compelling reason to add more item to its item run as its as of now sell shoes, dress, satchel, frill, infant items, magnificence, diversion, eyewear, home, adornments, outdoor supplies, and watches. As I would like to think, organization can expand its organizations by creating other e-stages with referencing that they are controlled by Zappos. That implies that organization could mostly keep away from dangers associated with brand recognition and expands deals level by selling more items. 5. The earth of a more cost-cognizant buyer can hurt the business in the event that it won’t be cautious about its expenses. The fundamental thought here is to give at any rate a similar degree of value in administration with consistent rates. Zappos can bring down transportation costs through growing nearer associations with transport organizations (for ex. attempt to diminish shipment costs from UPS or use ground shipment when it won’t expand conveyance time). Organization can likewise give particular limits (for ex. giving advancement limits to steadfast clients or making empowering special occasions). They could likewise mull over competitors’ exercises and offers so as to ensure that they give the best costs or better open doors for their customers. Zappos must exploit its other center skills to guarantee that the client will decide to purchase from Zappos as long as they are not paying more for the item. Most likely, other variation to help deals would test the framework whenever client have a chance to appreciate free transportation at somewhat greater expense, while organization could pick up benefit from an extent of the shipments. 6. First thing which rings a bell is safeguarding Zappos’ corporate culture and brand on a similar level as these things made Zappos that effective. As I would like to think, it is smarter to leave Zappos as a free element with its appealling top-chief and author Tony Hsieh while his powers drove organization to the main position. Something else to concern is a cost structure. One of the manners in which that Amazon attempts to convey an extraordinary client experience is by offering low costs, while Zappos wasn’t ever been focused on value rivalry. This approach additionally shouldn’t be barred from the Zappos future methodology as Zappos brand is progressively about assistance, yet not a most reduced cost. Likely, another significant advance would be Zappos’ access to Amazon’ assets. They could be enhancements and access to flexibly chain aptitude, stockrooms, providers and different points of interest. At long last, Amazon could utilize Zappos for looking upmarket towards more costly merchandise. The high touch model clearly accompanies greater expenses. It’s considerably more alluring when selling a $400 pair of boots than a $29 pair of flip-flops. Zappos has just been quickly growing their item contributions so more prominent deals of style things like totes and wallets are as of now steps toward this path.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The way black people are treated by white people in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams Essay Example

The manner in which dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams Essay Popping Day by Peter Abrahams is set in South Africa in the second 50% of the twentieth century. In the nation as of now, the blacks and the whites were isolated. They had various lifts in structures, various sea shores, transports, and shops. Interracial relations, and relationships were illicit. The whites claimed a significant part of the land, in truth 80% of it. They possessed the mines, and the urban communities. The story is around 2 young men who make a trip the entire day to a ranch to gather their week after week measure of popping for their families. The story is set in the nation almost a town called Elsburg. This short story gives us how the blacks rewarded the whites, and how the blacks needed to treat the whites. The story is called Crackling Day since it begins with two young men, Andries and Lee who are making the long trek to Elsburg siding for the square of pigs skin that went for our every day meat. The young men needed to gather a twofold measure of dairy animals waste the day preceding, with the goal that they could get the snapping. This shows the dark individuals were poor, as they needed to play out the occupations that the white individuals would not like to do, for example, gather cow excrement, just to get some pig skin. We will compose a custom paper test in transit dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test in transit dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test in transit dark individuals are treated by white individuals in the short story Crackling Day by Peter Abrahams explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This was there day by day meat and it was everything they could bear. The citation, Ill skin you on the off chance that you lose the cash! shows that they didn't have a great deal of cash. The way that they had minimal expenditure can likewise been found in the way that they didn't have garments that shielded them from the virus. The virus experienced my shirt and shorts; my skin went pimply and cooled; my fingers went numb and started to hurt. It can likewise been seen that they couldn't manage the cost of shoes as it says, The virus was not all that horrendous on bear feet on the off chance that one didn't keep still. It can likewise be found in, y feet felt like solidified bumps that didn't have a place with me In the story is says, They instruct them to go for us. Never get captured by one. My old keeps an eye on got a gap in his base where a Boer hound got him. They accepted that white individuals prepared their canines to assault dark individuals. This may not be valid however. At the point when the two young men are going to battle two white men descended the way and they finished their battle. This shows they may have been threatened them. At the point when the two young men get to Elsburg, they need to line for their popping. The man who offers it to them is white.

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay

Working Mothers And Womens Equality At Work Social Work Essay Because of changing patterns on the planet, numerous ladies keep on entering the workforce day and late evening performing practically comparative obligations like men. Persuaded by various variables going from social to financial condition encompassing the move has consistently started discusses among men as well as in ladies who contend against the thought. The discussion spins around working versus those ladies who remain at home and deal with their families particularly kids. These worries investigate presence of any impacts of working moms to their kids as far as scholarly execution in schools and their enthusiastic advancement which fundamentally relies upon what occurs at youth. Another worry is the chance of high feelings of anxiety looked by working moms every day contrasted with their partners at home. This examination investigation used discoveries from specialists and overviews planned for unwinding reality with regards to working moms. Presentation Who are working moms? This is a name which alludes to ladies who have profession occupations and duties separated from dealing with their kids and spouse at home. The quantity of this sort of ladies has kept on expanding not just in the neither United States, nor Europe yet everywhere throughout the world. Indeed, even as colossal analysis keeps on encompassing working ladies, it is of central need to concentrate on a portion of the variables which add to this marvel. Plainly the world is consistently at a steady change process as far as social accepts, rehearses and furthermore monetary change. Numerous ladies have selected to join the work a method of upgrading correspondence with men who accept that ladies should be positioned at home and do household obligations (Randall, 2003). The inquiry that contemplates the brain of many is whether the thought of working moms is the main point of convergence in tending to the issue of sex correspondence in the general public. Is there a supe rior methodology? Certainly there are extensive reasonable and functional methods of building up a general public that perceives people as equivalent creatures. In spite of the fact that saw adversely by certain individuals, numerous ladies accept that by joining the work power, there would be huge simplicity and improvement in meeting the family needs. Sharing of family obligations among people is by a wide margin a significant thought. With expanding worldwide financial hitches, there is each requirement for each family on the planet to set up methods of making a decent living without extraordinary stressing. Thus, working moms accept this is the main method of diminishing family emergency which may emerge from unsatisfied necessities and neglected costs which can be shared between a couple. This sounds human and worthy however it has needed preference for various men on the planet and other ladies who despite everything advocate for remain at home moms in the 21st century. Unmistakably the subject of whether ladies should be joined in the workforce like men despite everything causes contention. With developing working open doors for the two people, it is typical for young ladies to go to class, join schools and colleges and secure employments simply like their male partners. This is very excellent. Be that as it may, the premise of this contention lays on the open door cost brought about when ladies join the workforce. It is accepted that working ladies make wasteful moms. In spite of the fact that this changes from one individual to different, sociologists contend that there is generally almost no time left for youngsters raised by working moms. Moreover, working ladies experience a great deal of pressure contrasted with non working moms who invested their whole energy with their families (Harper Richards, 1986). This is credited to overpowering requests which may emerge from work stations and homes. Adjusting of time between the two bosses, employmen t and family stays a super test among working ladies on the planet. Explanation of issue As indicated by this exploration, next to no has been finished concerning the impact of working moms on their childrens enthusiastic turn of events and scholastic conduct. Therefore, the examination investigates the general effect of working moms on their kids contrasted with non working ladies. Research questions What is the negative effect of a working mother on a childs scholastics and feelings? What is the positive effect of a working mother on the life of her kid? What is the effect of non working moms on their childrens life? Writing survey Working moms has gotten enormous inclusion from the two people and gatherings of individuals planned for disentangling reality which encompass this discussion subject. Notwithstanding, numerous individuals figure that the thought is very open with a wide scope of perspectives which may shift from individual to individual. One of search individuals who have put time in sociological research is Elizabeth Perle McKenna. In her 1998 research, McKenna examinations the connection among work and family as experienced by working ladies around the world. She expendably harps on the issue of work and character and the disappointment which emerges when work doesn't give proposed fulfillment. She contends that numerous ladies end up overlooking crucial parts of their lives by dedicating their time and focus to work (McKenna, 1998). This commitment is normally planned for accomplishing certain conventional images of progress like cash, testing occupations and force. As saw by McKenna, ladies entered the workforce enormously under terms that were structured by men. They were enthusiastic and loaded with enthusiasm of leaving the old design of remaining at home. They did this like migrants forsaking their regular environment and adjusting to the workforce intended for and by men to suit their way of life and nature. Sadly, most if not every single working framework have been intended to characterize men dependent on what they do and not what their identity is (McKenna, 1998). This framework calls for long working hours so as to pick up acknowledgment and prize. This is as yet the case today despite the fact that just about 60% of ladies in the United States have a place with the common laborers. As such, the workforce doesn't perceive the idea of ladies with respect to the different obligations they have at home. It expect the way that ladies have a place at home. McKenna composes this book from an individual encounter and reviews minutes througho ut her life when she thought that it was difficult to offset work with developing family needs until she needed to leave her place of employment in the wake of having changed vocation severally. McKenna concedes that ladies who can't stop working think that its difficult to adjust among work and family obligations. She represents that albeit numerous ladies need achieve accomplishment as generally characterized, it is practically outlandish exceed expectations vocation astute and thrill as a decent mother, parental figure and a decent spouse. She takes note of that the quest for such character breeds only melancholy, stress lastly burnout. Research discoveries This examination discovered that working moms have a wide scope of effect on their families with unique accentuation on their youngsters. Non working moms have constantly to deal with their families and give essential consideration and love to their young ones. Youngsters conceived of working moms experience challenges during their beginning times of improvement. As youthful creatures, youngsters need enough time from their guardians who are non other their moms. Without this consideration enthusiastic effect is felt which may influence up to the scholarly abilities of such youngsters. Working moms likewise experience radiating from difficulties of time adjusting (Peters 1968). Then again, working men feel free and give families needs including among others, childrens quality food. Both working and non working kids may altogether impact the advancement procedure of youngsters. Conversation The quantity of working moms has kept on ascending from about 30% in 1970s to around half in mid 21st century. This has fundamentally influenced the life of numerous kids. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1999). Kids from families with working moms have enthusiastic dejections with quantifiable troubles in their scholarly life. There is likewise proceeding with inquire about on the impact of moms working weight on youngsters. Indeed, even as this exploration proceeds, the truth of the matter is that a kid is consistently excessively touchy to the passionate status of the mother previously and much after birth. Do kids conceived of working moms get adequate consideration and care? At the point when moms spend practically brimming with their day time at work, numerous kids less viable particularly at school. Since most working moms expand their working time when youngsters are in their pre-school, these kids show needing and unappealing outcomes (Cavel, 2001). These kids feel some type of void which winds up influencing their class fixation and general execution contrasted with youngsters whose moms are not working. It is likewise essential to assert that a childs beginning times are significant in molding his character and character. Kids who invest less energy with their moms because of work duties are probably going to encounter hardships in language advancement which goes further to influence a childs scholarly advancement. This is on the grounds that learning in class for the most part relies upon correspondence engendered by language capability (Associated Press, 1999). Working moms likewise experience a great deal of pressure which emerge from the failure to adjust among work and family needs. These two obligations seem, by all accounts, to resemble two occupations which are being dealt with by one individual simultaneously. Accordingly, these moms are ever in a rush to find time and take care of incomplete obligations at home and at work place. These moms wind up addressing the requirements of the family with not many men ready to share the duty (Gershaw, 1988). If a youngster falls wiped out, moms think that its hard to completely take care of the kid to the detriment of her resting work. They likewise f

Friday, August 21, 2020

Individual and Organizational Perspectives †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Individual and Organizational Perspectives. Answer: Presentation Inspiration has various applications in SHRM. Before portraying it as arrangement, it is important to comprehend its conceptualization. The English word reference characterizes inspiration as people groups want or ability to play out an errand (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). It goes further to feature that something inspirational is the thing that urges individuals to accomplish a set objective. This implies hunger propels individuals to look for food and the administration utilizes charge impetuses to persuade speculators for undertaking. Inspiration is in excess of a feeling since it has a goal or an objective. Analysts scan for more profound importance and ramifications of inspiration (Huitt, 2011). Proficient scholars allude to inspiration as per diverse application. It has various focal points including conduct change, discernment impact and intellectual turn of events. The conceptualization of inspiration is valuable in contemplates including kids, grown-ups, workers, and students among others. Some view it as a characteristic attribute(Wacjman, 2013) while others have faith in the outside impacts from social life(Siemens, 2014). For a total investigation of inspiration in authoritative administration, researchers uncover objectivity in its capacity to impact activity or wanted conduct. This conversation features Maslows Theory for inherent variables and Hertzbergs way to deal with clarify disappointment. Additionally included is McClellands approach of Acquired Needs, which clarifies the social factor. The talk includes Alderfers ERG hypothesis for physical and social needs. The conversation gives a relative investigation of the four speculations. The explanation for worker commitment is the presentation factor(Gruman Saks, 2011). Changes in the worldwide condition place accentuation on high scores in work execution. This is halfway a result of the skilled condition, which powers associations to push their workers towards execution. In an association, individuals succeed or fall flat relying upon their internal drive. Both individual representatives and their particular groups need inspiration. Hierarchical conduct sees what makes individuals to carry on in a specific way. Present day associations use information based answers for tackle existing issues. The logical way to deal with the board gives multidimensional methodologies in formulating arrangements. That is the reason HR rehearses recognize that Psychology is a significant piece of associations. It portrays the idea of human conduct utilizing demonstrated thoughts and approaches. The mission to accomplish execution targets individuals as individual supporter of value t he executives. SHRM turns into the recipe for molding work force conduct, abilities and talents(Schuler, et al., 2013). The commitment of representatives investigates factors that improve positive reactions and results. Since the wide range includes various properties, it is ideal to breakdown the investigation into easier components. Inspiration as one of the drivers of accomplishment accompanies various methodologies spread by various scholars. Maslows Theory of Needs Abraham Maslows hypothesis proliferates that individuals have various degrees of inspiration, which make a craving for better working conditions, social and mental needs(Bratton Gold, 2012). The hypothesis bolsters the job of professional stability in inspiring representatives to remain in the activity. Occupation maintenance is one of the difficulties in HR rehearses on the grounds that the best representatives are difficult to hold. A people perspective decides their potential for progress on account of the inbuilt self-inspirational capacity. Employment fulfillment urges laborers to stay in the association. HRM relates with the enlistment procedure, execution the board, authoritative turn of events and representative wellbeing. Inspiration in Maslows see originates from the necessities that the activity meets(Rencher, 2016). These are fundamental needs through a salary, budgetary security, coworker connection and regard. That is the reason inspiration shapes vital approaches to guarantee self-completion of people. The prize framework propels representatives to look for occupations in associations, which pay well. Organizations that have the best gifted have better compensation and strategies to hold their laborers. Among these is ability improvement, which pulls in experts looking for development and advancement openings. Maslows hypothesis bolsters employer stability and a workplace that is has acceptable relational connections. Individuals have social and mental needs. The money related recompenses and advancements fulfill their conscience and passionate satisfaction. Self-realization is the more serious need, which fills in as a lift to self-esteem(Vance, et al., 2012). Representatives get disappointment from the workplace. This incorporates absence of wellbeing, pay and working conditions. Fredrick Hertzberg talks about the two-factor hypothesis that focuses towards work fulfillment and employment disappointment. On the side of Maslows approach, this methodology concurs that inspiration comes shapes certain perspectives and originates from needs. Be that as it may, it includes that discontent originates from absence of these fulfillment influencers. At the point when representatives leave subsequent to preparing in an association, the explanation could be the craving for better terms of business, a compensation increment or work security. Along these lines, the proposal is that associations need techniques for occupations fulfillment just as those that impede disappointed employees(Hertberg, et al., 2011). Hertzberg inspiration encourages chiefs to make a working that spurs representatives, for example, working conditions and open doors for development. Enrolling cleanliness factors as those supporting the workplace, he contrasts them and inspiration factors(Latham, 2012). Figure 2 underneath sums up this. For instance, the nature of oversight urges laborers to seek after advancements and better chances. This implies low-level laborers has the mental fortitude to demand for a vocation update. Organization arrangements additionally energize or demoralize laborers from reaching skyward. Once in a while experts lean toward working in the administration division due to the professional stability. Individuals who like to begin their own organizations improve pay. McClellands Theory of Needs David McClelland concentrated on three needs specifically force, accomplishment and connection as the spurring factors. In the methodology, individuals look for high accomplishing chances in associations dependent on these. These are purposes behind the people to stay away from circumstances of hazard that could bargain their potential(Oyedele, 2013). The requirement for higher force persuades a few people to plan towards looking for posts in associations. In such a case, an understudy graduating takes an administrative course with an emphasis on turning into an administrator in the particular association. He calls attention to two kinds of intensity, the individual and the institutional force. McClelland repeats that it is better for a person to seek after social force since it has more advantages and the individual has a superior potential for success of succeeding(Dubois, et al., 2015). On alliance, the Acquired Needs hypothesis expresses that individuals have a more profound need to feel acknowledged in the public arena. Therefore, representatives adjust to the hierarchical desires so as to fit in. this clarifies why social characters flourish in client care than contemplative people. Some influential positions in an association favor group pioneers who have cordial characters. Able worldwide associations have numerous tests including relational and intercultural tests that show representatives capacities to member with others. The trough exploits this idea to put representatives in the correct workplace as an approach to animate their potential(Hosie, et al., 2013). The third need is accomplishment and representatives look for approaches to exceed expectations thus they evade circumstances that prevent their objective. By maintaining a strategic distance from high-hazard circumstances, workers stand a higher chance of exceeding expectations. Some of the time representatives subsidiary with the associations heads in as an inspiration towards accomplishing their objective. Chiefs can utilize this way to deal with colleagues in high potential positions. The hypothesis clarifies why chiefs set objectives and focuses for gatherings and people. Alderfers ERG hypothesis Paul Alderfers hypothesis indicates the Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (ERG) hypothesis. In this methodology, the individuals have physical and social needs that mixes them to seek after and build up the requirements through turn of events and mental improvement (Konrad, et al., 2013). As per the hypothesis these requirements change in class since certain individuals would prefer to be beneficial than work for supportability. It clarifies why a few people scan for low maintenance work so as to fulfill physical requirements like yearning or to procure a living. Chiefs can embrace this strategy when confronted with numerous necessities. For instance, before a supervisor acquaints preparing all together with plan administrators for instance development. The hypothesis sums up Maslows hypothesis of self-realization. In view of a representatives self-completion the association plans groups as per the activities appeared by every worker. That is, individuals look for needs that improve their reality and seek after relatedness requirements for security, social needs and confidence. This prompts development, which is the self-completion (valuebasedmanagement.net, 2016). ERGS Existence needs compares to Maslows fundamental needs as individuals secure positions to fulfill their essential needs. The Relatedness Needs identify with Maslows social needs in the fourth stage(Lazaroiu, 2015). Therefore, ERG development needs relate with Maslows social and social and self-completion needs. Class Which means Presence ( E) Endurance needs (food, cover, ) Relatedness ( R) Relational and social needs Development ( G) Want of self-improvement and development Near Analysis of the speculations Before a trough can persuade a person with a compensation raise, it is basic to perceive the hole in the basic needs, for example, material or

How Stress Can Cause Weight Gain

How Stress Can Cause Weight Gain Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Stress Can Cause Weight Gain By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 11, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living In This Article Table of Contents Expand Why Weight Change Happens Stress and Cortisol Stress and Metabolism Speed Stress-Induced Eating Habits How to Break the Cycle View All Stress can have a serious impact on how much you weigh. Sometimes it can lead to weight loss. Other times, it can lead to serious weight gain.?? A stressful event, like the loss of a loved one, a divorce, or a financial crisis may lead to weight change. Chronic stress may also lead to weight change over time. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell Why Weight Change Happens Stressful experiences may lead to a change in habits. Someone going through a tough time may lose their appetite and skip meals. Chronic stress may lead to an increase in appetiteâ€"and an increase in cravings for unhealthy food. Slowly, over the course of several months or even a year, the weight gain may accumulate. Weight change may also result due to hormonal changes triggered by stress. The bodys response to stress has been linked to changes in metabolism, insulin, and fat storage.?? The Link Between Stress and Cortisol Stress triggers a fight or flight response in your body.?? This response releases hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol.?? Adrenaline prepares your body to take action and minimizes your desire to eat.?? Once the adrenaline effects wear off, cortisol, also known as the stress hormone, hangs around. Cortisol temporarily suppresses functions that are non-essential, such as your digestive, immune, and reproductive responses. When you have more cortisol in your system, you may crave less healthy food options like snacks containing high sugar and fat content. Stress and Metabolism Speed A 2015 study conducted by researchers at Ohio State University found that stress was linked to a slower metabolism in women. Researchers questioned women about the previous days stressors before feeding them a high-fat, high-calorie meal. Then, the scientists measured their metabolic rate and examined their blood sugar, triglycerides, insulin, and cortisol levels. They found that on average, women who reported one or more stressor during the previous 24 hours burned 104 fewer calories than the non-stressed women. That difference might mean a weight gain of almost 11 pounds in one year. The stressed women also had higher levels of insulin, which contributes to the storage of fat. They also had less fat oxidation, which is the conversion of large fat molecules into smaller molecules that can be used as fuel. Fat that is not burned is stored.?? Excessive stress even affects where we tend to store fat. Higher levels of stress are linked to greater levels of abdominal fat, which can be particularly tough to shed. This is particularly bad news because abdominal fat is also linked to greater health risks than fat stored in other areas of the body.?? So even if you arent eating more than usual, experiencing high levels of stress may cause you to gain weight. Stress-Induced Eating Habits High stress levels may also lead to changes in your behavior that contribute to weight gain. Here are some of the most common dietary changes people experience when theyre stressed: Consuming High-Fat, High-Sugar Foods: People experiencing chronic stress tend to crave more fatty, salty and sugary foods. This includes sweets, processed food and other things that aren’t as good for you. These foods are typically less healthy and lead to increased weight gain.Eating Emotionally: Increased levels of cortisol can not only make you crave unhealthy food, but excess nervous energy can often cause you to eat more than you normally would.?? You might find that snacking or reaching for a second helping provides you with some temporary relief from your stress.Eating More Fast Food: When youre stressed out, youre more likely to forgo healthy dinners at home in favor of fast food. Fast food and even healthier restaurant fare can both be higher in sugar and fatâ€"with larger portion sizes.Being Too Busy to Exercise: With all the demands on your schedule, exercise may be one of the last things on your to-do list. If so, you’re not alone. A long commute, hours spent sitting behind a desk, and time spent staring at the TV might leave little opportunity for physical activity.Forgetting Water: You might forget to drink water when youre busy dealing with the challenges of life. Its easy to confuse thirst for hunger and you might eat more when youre not drinking enough.Skipping Meals:  When you are juggling a dozen things at once, eating a healthy meal often drops down in priorities. You might find yourself skipping breakfast because youre running late or not eating lunch because theres just too much on your to-do list.Trying Fad Diets:  Weight gain leads some people to intentionally eat less food than they need, or try dangerous fad diets in order to lose the excess weight. Diets that aren’t balanced with fruits and vegetables, protein and healthy carbohydrates can often be bad for your health in the long run, even if they look attractive short term.Sleeping Less: Many people report trouble sleeping when theyre stressed. And research has linked sleep dep rivation to a slower metabolism. Feeling overtired can also reduce willpower and contribute to unhealthy eating habits. How to Break the Cycle of Stress and Weight Gain It can be stressful when your clothes dont fit well and the number on the scale is higher than youd like it to be. And the more stressed you feel, the more likely you are to gain weight. Its a tough cycle to break. Fortunately, there are some steps you can take to combat stress-related weight changes. Here are a few strategies that can help you regulate your weight: Make exercise a priority. Exercise is a key component of stress reduction and weight management. It can help you address both issues simultaneously so its a critical component in warding off stress-related weight gain. Whether you go for a walk during your lunch break or you go to the gym after work, incorporate regular exercise into your routine.Be mindful about what you eat. Paying attention to your eating habits can help you gain control over your food consumption. A 2011 review of studies that examined the link between self-monitoring and weight loss found that individuals who keep a food journal are more likely to manage their weight.?? So whether you use an app to track your food intake or you write down everything you consume in a food diary, being more mindful of what you put in your mouth could improve your eating habits.Incorporate stress-relief strategies into your daily life. Whether you enjoy yoga or you find solace in reading a good book, incorporate stress relief strat egies into your daily routine. This can reduce your cortisol levels and help you manage your weight. Why You Should Exercise to Relieve Symptoms of Mental Illness

Friday, June 26, 2020

Confidentiality and Informed Consent - 275 Words

Confidentiality and Informed Consent (Essay Sample) Content: Confidentiality and Informed Consent Name Institution Confidentiality and Informed Consent Confidentiality is an ethical code practiced by health practitioners or doctors to keep details of patients' information secret. For example, psychiatrists practice this code because it allows their patients to be completely honest in order to get the help they require. Moreover, confidentiality is also applied between a lawyer and their client. However, this legal contract is only binding until the death of the patient. On the other hand, informed consent is a process when people give approval to such professional as a lawyer, psychiatric specialist, or a medical physician to perform services on them. The representatives of these professions advocate for signing of an informed consent so that they are not held liable in case of an unexpected incident. This paper discusses the relation between the two, the consequences of their not following, and the ways to ensure that the clients understand them. To begin with, a consent form is supposed to be simple and precise so that it is easily understandable by both parties involves. The language used should be on a level that even a young adolescent can understand without any problem. Importantly, the contract should be in line with legal guidelines and federal law. The client should be informed on the procedures, reasons, risks, and advantages of signing the contract. Furthermore, the one signing must be given enough time to consider their decision and should not be forced to make their choice (Tyler, 2007). However, sometimes moral dilemmas cause signatories to break their agreement. What is more, confidentiality is not applied only to employers, but also to employees. For instance, when an employer is wealthy, has aggressive competitors, or does experiments that are dangerous when exposed employees are subjected to singing a non-disclosure agreement (Fowler, n.d.). On the other hand, there are situations where breaking a confidentiality agreement is allowed. When a therapist considers a person a threat to either themselves or others, they are obliged to report the matter. For instance, suicidal thoughts and violence could be considered dangerous enough to alert both the authority and the parents of the patients. In the end, if investigations prove that the therapist did do enough to stop the incident, then the psychiatric consultant will be held responsible (Blunt, 2006). Moreover, only the person or organization that signs the confidentiality agreement has the power to allow other peo ple to access their legal, health, or employment information. In addition, information can be disclosed if it pauses a threat to the public or can help in a situation when the public is facing a contagious disease (Blunt, 2006). Furthermore, in case of a legal dispute when classified information is needed, the court could give a court order that demands for the information to be released. Consequently, in the election of a senator or a CEO, their health records are regarded to be public information because of the principle of impartibility. In some cases, signing a contract could be difficult. A client or patient, for example, might be illiterate and hence unable to sign a written contract. In this case, the person will not be denied service, but instead will be allowed to provide a verbal approval. Consequently, so that this information is credible in court, the agreement should be recorded. Another example refers to a person who is homeless or mentally unstable. They are in no position to enter into an agreement of such magnitude. Nevertheless, if such person is acquainted with somebody who has the power of attorney, the latter has the right to sign the contact in their place. Finally, in case a patient is a child under the age of eighteen, parents cannot access this information without the permission of the patient (Tyler, 2007). However, if a child is being treated for sexual or physical abuse from the side of their parents, substance abuse, birth control pill, or pregnancy, parental approval is not required. Howeve r, the minor is required to submit a signed informed consent that refutes anyone else from getting access to their therapy sessions. The only condition under which a parent is included is their being a part of the solution (Blunt, 2006). Consequently, there are many reactions to breach of secrecy by both clients and professionals. First, disclosure of private information to unauthorized persons can lead to termination for both employers and employees (Fowler, n.d.). Any legal agreement has a clause with clear guidelines to the consequences in case of violation. Second, those whose privacy is to be protected can sue if their agreement was broken. The victim can ask for monetary or another type of compensation that can ease their pain. Payment for damages done can take any form, but it depends on the one who is suing (Fowler, n.d.). Third, a confidentiality agreement is a legal biding accord. If in some unfortunate situation the contract is broken, criminal charges could be filed accusing the person. Forth, most of the organizations and people who sign a confidentiality agreement do it because they are highly respected. They do their best to protect the secrets of their clients. Eventually, when this confidence is dest royed, their reputation is spoilt as well. In the case of an employee, they might not get a job anywhere else (Fowler, n.d.). Fifth, disciplinary action is taken against the person who did not respect their duty not to disclose this information. Finally, there are methods used to inform and educate people on procedures, implications, and consequences of informed consents and confidentiality agreement. For instance, there are practical experiments like putting people in a group and giving them contracts to sign. After signing the contact, the operator should ask each individ...

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Comparison Of Chimamanda s Ted Talk On How Dangerous And...

Chimamanda’s Ted Talk focused on how dangerous and powerful a single story is. By focusing on one viewpoint upon various subjects, other stories are ignored. She mentioned how her mother only told her about their house boy coming from a poor family so her viewpoint of that houseboy was based on poverty and nothing else. She was unable to see that he may have had skills, and that people in poverty stricken areas generally do have some form of skills, however little attention is given to them nor do they normally have resources that can help sharpen/put a spotlight on them. Politically this relates to historically repressed facts and mis-told/whitewashed history of various countries formation stories, and their people. Particularly following the legacy of colonization and racism/colorism, stereotypes have held power with negative repercussions for some and privileges for others across the world. Such as how mainstream society constantly paints Whites as heroes, God’s chos en people, innocence and the most intellectual race out of all humans. As being darker serves as their opposite and in a negative way, which helps to reinforce white supremacy narratives because white supremacy wouldn’t exist if a need for black to be negative wasn’t created. Blacks are painted as slaves, lazy, inferior, weak, and individuals with something inherently wrong psychologically. Today the media promotes such bias viewpoints of Blacks with the focus on/the phrase â€Å"black on black crime† in America,

Monday, May 18, 2020

Watergate. Glenn L. Venner. Cincinnati State Community

Watergate Glenn L. Venner Cincinnati State Community College. After the November shooting of president Kennedy, the nation and the world mourned. While we mourned another part of our country was raising up for right and the south would be flung into a racial war. the war in Vietnam would be a lost cause and an embarrassment for LBJ. It would all end with the embarrassment and the trust lost in our politicians and our president. This will come to haunt us even today and be known as the Watergate scandal. On the morning of June 17, 1972, several men were arrested in connection with the burglary inside the office of the Democratic National Committee located near the Watergate building in Washington, D.C. The robbery was in†¦show more content†¦The FBI and the American public need to know just what had happened and that this may not have been just a typical break-in but a cover up to protect someone. And if so was it an abuse of presidential power and a deliberate obstruction of justice. Meanwhile, at the same time seven conspirators were indicted on charges related to the Watergate building break-in. At the instruction of the President’s aides, five pleaded guilty to the charges and avoided trial; while White House counsel John Dean, testified before a grand jury about the president’s crimes. The other two were convicted in January 1973 for the break-in. By this time, a number of people including Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, and tria l judge John J. Sirica and members of a Senate investigating committee had begun to think that something bigger was going to break soon. The break though came when they found out that the President had secretly taped every conversation that took place in the Oval Office. If the investigating committee could get those tapes, they would have proof of the president’s guilt. Nixon worked very hard to keep those tapes away from anyone his legal staff advised him that he did not have to hand them over that he had executive privilege to protect them and to not give them to anyone. However, Senate committee and the independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Medical Terminology Essay - 1296 Words

In my paper I will be discussing what medical terminology is, where it came from, and how it is applied to medical assistant careers as well as how it is applied to medical administration careers. I will give examples of the importance of medical terminology and specific examples of where medical careers use medical terminology on a day to day basis. I will also give a brief summary and definition of what medical terminology stands for. After reading my paper you should have a good concept of medical terminology’s importance, use, and why medical terminology is not just applied to medical assisting jobs but also why it is important for medical administration employees to also be familiar and have a good grasp on medical terminology.†¦show more content†¦Decoding is very important because then it becomes easier to understand medical terminology. You should first break down the word by evaluating the meaning of the suffix, then prefix, and then the word root. This will in able a worker to identify what it is that is going on and be able to describe it to their patient and to the doctor or physician when asked. But first the worker needs to have a good sense of the origin of words which is called etymology. (Theirer Breitbard, 2007, p. 1-4)Once you have the basic rules down you should be able to put words together and take them apart by decoding them. You also need to make sure that the spelling and pronunciation are correct because if a medical term is used incorrectly, it can become very dangerous and sometimes life threatening because you diagnose wrong procedures and medication. It creates a communication for health care professionals to make sure that a patient is treated with the highest amount of service and to ensure that they are being treated with the right medication. Decoding is essential but the father of medicine also wrote the Hippocratic Oath. In this Oath physicians are meant to promise to practice medicine the right way. To make sure their pronunciation and spelling was always accurate and correct. The Oath has been in use for over two thousand years and physicians and doctors are to follow the Oath to the bestShow MoreRelatedThe Origans of Medical Terminology Essay3156 Words   |  13 PagesThe Language origins of medical terminology Christy Hajdaj Ms. Fobear Medical Terminology (ME 1110) March 23, 2009 Medical terminology has a long and rich history that evolved in great measure from the Latin and Greek languages. â€Å"It is estimated that about three-fourths of our medical terminology is of Greek origin.†(Banay) â€Å"Latin accounts for the majority of root words in the English language.† (Fallon). We find that the â€Å"oldest written sources of western medicine are The HippocraticRead MoreThe Integumentary System with Medical Terminology1520 Words   |  7 Pageslooking at the color of the nails. 1Nail diseases are in a separate category from diseases of the skin. Although nails are a skin appendage, they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions. Nail conditions that show signs of infection or inflammation require medical assistance and cannot be treated at a beauty parlor. Deformity or disease of the nails may be referred to as onychosis. Onychocryptosis, commonly known as ingrown nails (unguis incarnatus), can affectRead MoreThe Use Of Medical Terminology Among Nurses1277 Words   |  6 Pagesdo are the working units of any medical establishment. The field of nursing is a unique occupation, a mixture of the medical and hospitality fields. A nurse must be well equipped to perform medical care while also comforting their patients. To accomplish this feat, a specialized language has been developed consisting of medical terminology, extensive documentation, and body language. With such a large amount of complicated information being transferred in medical occupations, naturally, there areRead MoreThe Use Of Medical Terminology Among Nurses1658 Words   |  7 Pagesdo are the working units of any medical establishment. The field of nursing is a unique occupation, a mixture of the medical and hospitality fields. A nurse must be well equipped to perform medical care while also comforting their patients. To accomplish this feat, a specialized language has been developed consisting of medical terminology, extensive documentation, and body language. With such a large amount of complicated information being transferred in medical occupations, naturally, there areRead MoreClassic Interactions Between Patients And Doctors1325 Words   |  6 PagesClassic interactions between patients and doctors rely heavily on medical c ompetence. The doctor, the supposed superior in the arrangement, acts as a symbol for scientific proficiency while the patient exists as a sponge. While extensive knowledge is nonnegotiable in the field, empathy is a key component in ensuring proper diagnoses and sustaining healthy, impartial interactions. Margaret Edson s play W;t employs dialogue and discontinuous juxtaposition in order to draw attention to the inevitableRead MoreCause And Effect Of Symbicort1522 Words   |  7 Pagesto your medication. Part II: The use of medical terminology is incorporated into everyday interactions and interpersonal communications in some form. Today’s society is faced with different medical diseases and complications that lead to a decrease in life’s quality. With the ever growing issue of declining health statuses, biology and medicine are a relevant subject for almost everyone that is aware of of these particular issues. Medical terminology has become a vehicle for most individuals toRead MoreHS111_Unit4_Template1027 Words   |  5 Pagesof a medical term. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Medical Terminology Error.† After you have listed the errors, you will need to identify the correct term or abbreviation. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Correct Term.† Complete the title page and at the end of the project, be sure to list all applicable references and cite them in APA format. Unit 4 Assignment Type your name here Kaplan University HS111-__ (section #) Medical TerminologyRead MoreHS111 Unit4 Template C1058 Words   |  5 Pagesmisuse of a medical term. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Medical Terminology Error.† After you have listed the errors, you will need to identify the correct term or abbreviation. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Correct Term.† Complete the title page and at the end of the project, be sure to list all applicable references and cite them in APA format. Unit 4 Assignment Chelsy Davis Kaplan University HS111-_ (section 4) Medical TerminologyRead MoreEssay on Hs111 Unit 4 Assignment1121 Words   |  5 Pagesmisuse of a medical term. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Medical Terminology Error.† After you have listed the errors, you will need to identify the correct term or abbreviation. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Correct Term.† Complete the title page and at the end of the project, be sure to list all applicable references and cite them in APA format. | Unit 4 Assignment kali spurling-tober Kaplan University HS111- 4 (section #) Medical Terminology Read MoreReasons For The For A Doctor s Work1027 Words   |  5 Pagesterm can be used both by specialists of the sphere this term belongs to and those who are not. Therefore, there is a reason to give different definitions of terms depending on who requires it. For instance, when a doctor needs to determine a certain medical term, it is obvious that such definition should be extensive and contain all the information needed for the doctor’s work. In the same time, a simple person who has no any relation to medicine might also need to know the definition of that term. However

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Labor Unions And The Industrial Revolution - 1582 Words

The topic of Labor Unions has been the focus of many political debates in recent years, with these discussions having people advocate for and against the unions. Labor Unions are an organization that represent a collective group of employees to protect and further theirs rights and interests. Labor Unions were first introduced in the eighteenth century with increasing numbers around the United States and the world, but unfortunately during the past decade these numbers have drastically decreased, resulting in less education and achievement of solidarity among employees. Solidarity is the unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest. Workers in the United States would benefit more through†¦show more content†¦Work place benefits that are offered are higher wages, safe working conditions, and job security. The negotiation of better pay and terms of termination are two of the main goals of labor unions for their members. The perso nal benefits received by members are paid vacations and holidays, fair working schedules, advance training, and unemployment for those when facing a strike. Strikes began occurring in the eighteen hundred and although being rare they are still occurring today. Employees receive health care benefits of medical, vision, and dental insurances as well as coverage of prescriptions. When the time comes for retirement unions offer pension, 401K, and continued health care during retirement. Not only are there advantages for the employees, but also for the employers. Not only are there benefits for employees, but the employers themselves receive many advantages as well. The best benefits that employers receive is employee satisfaction. When being a part of a union needs and wants are met allowing people to become more satisfied with their job, with that satisfaction employees will be more willing to work harder for you. Not only will employees be willing to work harder for you, but you will also have less people leave their jobs or the ability to lose their say and position in the organization. With less turnovers of employees as aShow MoreRelatedLabor Unions And The Industrial Revolution1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Labor Movement was necessary to protect the common interest of workers. The state of working environments during the Industrial Revolution produced a mandate for this movement. The Industrial Revolution served as a turning point for all western nations because of the influx of businesses and factories. America generally benefited from the revolution; however, it was at the expense of the workers. Industries were only interested in profit so workers were generally underpaid, worked long hoursRead MoreEssay about Industrial Revolution Led to Labor Unions520 Words   |  3 PagesAs America became more industrial more people left their farms and small towns to work in the city so they could pay their expenses, whatever they may be. This led to the minimal pa y of workers while the owners became wealthy leading to a functional economy. Most would receive little money while the rest lived a life of luxury. Since more factories were opening children, women, and immigrants could now find jobs, which led to more production which gave more money to the owners of the factories. AmericansRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : Impact On Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Revolution: Impact on Society Chernyka Love HIST112 Professor Adam Howard American Military University 15 March 2015 The Industrial Revolution is a term used to describe a period characterized by a transition from old to new processes of manufacturing. This period occurred during the 18th and 19th century. The transition was seen to include movement from primitive hand production to the same type of production using faster more efficient means by use of machines. The era also featuredRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 Pagesissue. The Industrial Revolution brought about tremendous significant, and extensive changes. Also its impact keeps on sweeping through individual lives today. In the last two centuries of the industrialization has changed the way we live more than any other incident in the past thousand years. The Industrial Revolution gave the nations that initially received it with the mechanical and financial preferences important to ultimately govern the majority of the world. Basically, the Industrial RevolutionRead MoreHow Did Labor Change After The American Revolution?1626 Words   |  7 PagesHow did labor change after the American Revolution? THINK ABOUT: How did technology impact the older, artisan labor system, slave labor and industrial labor to 1877? What ideologies were in conflict over â€Å"free labor†? How did gender and regionalism impact attitudes toward labor in American society? The American Revolution was not the only revolution to take place in America. The Industrial revolution was happening all across America in the times leading up to the Civil War. The Industrial RevolutionRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Economic Success888 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the Industrial Revolution is widely referred as a time of economic success, and very often benefited the rich. The Industrial Revolution occurred during the eighteenth century and was a time of innovation, but it is clear that present time has made several improvements, especially in working conditions. The working conditions were harsh and unlike the working conditions of present time child labor was very prevalent in the period of the Industrial Revolution, in addition to this there wereRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Second Industrial Revolution1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second Industrial Revolution, which reached its peak during 1870 to 1914, marked a significant turning point in American history. Before this era of progression and industrial excellence, America was on the verge of expansion like never before. From the vast amounts of land gained through the Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America was ableRead MoreSocoial Class Division During the Industrial Revolution1234 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a time throughout the 18th and 19th centuries in which primarily agriculture based societies in the countries of America and Europe began to implicate industrialized and urban practices. Many rituals that would usually be done at the home of landowners using animal or manpower, was now being moved into factories and being done with mechanically engineered machinery. While there were many radical social changes made during the revolution, itRead MoreThe rise and fall of Labor Unions1545 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Kevin Campusano Class Prof. 30 November 2014 The rise and fall of labor unions Labor union is an organized association of workers, in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. During the industrial revolution in Europe there was a rise in new workers without representation in the workplace. In the 19th century the industrial revolution spread to the United States from Europe, this resulted in the economy shifting to manufacturing from agriculture as an economicRead MoreThe Patriot s History Of The United States1589 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the Civil War, the United State began to experience an industrial growth that was unparalleled to any nation. There were new advancements among America’s transportation, manufacturing and agriculture industries. While an economic growth was occurring in the nation, the national government was inactive, almost forgotten between all the new innovations achieved during the late 19th century. Looking back at the Industrial Revolution, there are many perspectives of the events that occurred during

We Must Obey And Obey Authority - 1184 Words

We as a society conform to the idea that it is always necessary to obey authority. This is such a normalized function of everyday life, that it has resulted in us losing sight of our own moral convictions. Not every act of this expected obedience is conscious. We have fell into the habit of obeying first and asking questions later. Even worse than that, we have developed a more destructive habit of not questioning authority at all. Our moral judgements have became clouded by our understanding of authority as well as the desire and expectation to conform with others opinions and actions. From a very young ages we are taught not to question authority. It is instilled in our heads as children that authority figures are always right and that†¦show more content†¦Another concept of how children are taught authority is proposed by Professor Marta Laupa. Her research of the development mental psychology has lead her to believe that childrens ideas and understanding of obedience do not come from reward and punishment, but from early understanding of social organization and status (Laupa 333). Social status and the concept of reward and punishment all greatly influence our first understandings of what it means and why we obey authority. Both of these influences affect our ability to recognizing authority as an abusive power as children and continues into later adulthood. When taught not to question authority and to see others as superior to you because of age or position, this instills in our minds that authority figures commit no wrongful acts. Our minds are programmed not to question authority as children, and when taught to see others as superior in power to you because of age and position, we no longer think to question our own moral convictions, but insteads trust the moral judgements of our superior figures. This results in authority more often than not taking advantage of their power and asking their followers to participate in acts that go against their own moral beliefs. An extreme example of this is how terrorist organizations follow their leaders, yet we see their acts as wrong, because they have such a high standard of respect, trust, or even fear in their leader they see nothing wrong in their actions. We grow up in a

The Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection AIDS †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection AIDS. Answer: Introduction Sexually transmitted diseases are infectious diseases that are passed on from one person to another through sexual contact via blood, semen or vaginal fluid. Examples include gonorrhea, syphilis and AIDS. The risk of sexually transmitted infection (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is higher than in males who have sex with women. Men who have sex with men and women are at a greater risk of getting infected with STIs than the MSM. A common STI that afflicts people with multiple partners is gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The infection is usually asymptomatic and may cause urethritis, pharyngitis, cervicitis, salpingitis or proctitis (CDC, 2014). Men and women can get affected with this infectious disease. The infection makes people susceptible to infection due to transmission of HIV, so it is important that patients seek timely treatment and safeguard themselves from AIDS. It has been observed that gonorrhoeae infection can be evidenc ed in extragenital regions of the body that can be detected after a rectal or oropharyngeal diagnosis (Lutz, 2015). So, screening in asymptomatic MSM is recommended for detection of gonorrhoeae and appropriate therapy should be started even if there is no presence of gonorrhoeae infection in the urogenital region. A study has reported 0.2 to 24% cases of rectal gonorrhoeae among MSM and a 0.5 to 16.5% prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhoeae(Chan, et al., 2016). The problem of gonorrhoeae infections is therefore a serious public health problem and the propensity of people in same sex relationships increases when they have multiple partners. In case of MSMW, the transmission of the infection to and from female partners results in higher risk of transmission. Belonging to the (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) LGBT community makes the patients difficult to access healthcare than the heterosexual individuals in any population. The social and sexual stigma associated with this community makes it very likely for them to experience healthcare disparities. Compared to the heterosexuals the LGBT are discredited due to their sexual orientation and may even be denigrated by the society. Health professionals are known to show positive approach when dealing with patients from LGBT community but there are cases where negative experiences mar the treatment process. Much of this misled attitude is because the curricula at medical schools do not teach content related to specific health issues that affect the gay community (Brennan, Barnsteiner, Siantz, Cotter, Everett, 2011). This makes the healthcare providers uncomfortable when dealing with issues that are specific to the care that the LGBT patients require. Many of them display homophobic att itudes and do not have knowledge about specific health issues that the LGBT patients face. This means that the training is deficient in making health professionals culturally competent when dealing with developmental health problems faced by homosexuals across their life spans. Often lack of exposure to issues faced by the LGBT community, nursing or medical staff is ill-equipped to address the medical needs. Lack of sensitivity also affects the patients because in the absence of empathy they feel discouraged to share their illness related issues with healthcare personnel. STIs are even less understood and staff may fail to advise patients about safe practices and to reduce risky behaviour. Prevention of STIs is a public health priority. Risky behaviour by MSM contributes to the growing risk of infection with HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoeae and other diseases. Behavioural interventions can reduce the risk of STIs in men who have sex with men. Multiple anonymous partners increase the risk of gonorrhoeae and other STIs. Substance abuse through use of crystal methamphetamine taken for improving sexual performance also increases risk. Gonococcal rates in rectum have increased among MSM in cases where they are already infected with HIV. This makes it important for the healthcare professionals to take an accurate history about the patient's history about multiple partners and confirmation about repeated use of crystal methamphetamine. Insertive oral sex is an additional risk for suffering from pharyngeal gonorrhoeae (at a rate of 7%) and urethral gonorrhoeae. Rectal gonorrhoeae has been diagnosed in 5.4% of the cases. MSM with a prior diagnosis of HIV have a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with asymptomatic gonorrhoeae than those who have not tested positive for HIV. Screening the MSM for gonorrhoeae may reduce risky behaviour. Precautionary approach involves nucleic acid amplification testing of men who report insertive intercourse during the past one year for urethral infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A nucleic acid amplification test for rectal infection may be done in individuals for Neisseria gonorrhoeae if they report receptive anal intercourse during the past year. Pharyngeal specimen tests to check for infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae are required in case where oral intercourse is reported by the patient (Workowski, 2015)In case of women who have sex with women (WSW) may also indulge in risky behaviour that makes them prone to acquire sexually transmitted infections (Trebach, Chaulk, Page, Tuddenham, Ghanem, 2015). The very nature of the required tests and the kind of trust between the doctor and patient requires that the patient be treated with sufficient understanding so that disclosures of a private nature are made by the patient. Display of even a small hint of discomfort or differential treatment might be understood by the patient as hostility. Due to the social and sexual stigma attached to their sexual orientation many people from the LGBT community hesitate in accessing healthcare. Many among the MSM have had a history of STIs, due to a large number of anonymous partners, a childhood history of sexual abuse, associated psychological problems and a history of substance abuse. As a result many people from the LGBT community face social exclusion and exhibit symptoms of anxiety and depression. The use of drugs increases their propensity to indulge in risky behaviour and unsafe sex. Many among the community have complained of having been victims of forced sex by their most recent partners. This possibility is much higher than that in the heterosexual population. There is now also an understanding that it is not because of lack of awareness that gay men get involved in risky behaviour but it is due to psychological reasons (O'Leary, 2014). Role of various stakeholders can contribute to prevent gonorrhoeae among the LGBT The sensitization of the medical professionals towards the LGBT patients, their psychology and their need to be understood should be part of the curriculum. Lack of prior exposure to the LGBT patients during practice should not make them uncomfortable when dealing with them. The fact that there is a stigma against the LGBT should not hamper their treatment. Several steps have been suggested to include LGBT content during nursing education so that comprehensive healthcare can be delivered to them. Teaching and learning of relevant courses can be enhanced through simulation and incorporation of case studies. Agencies that serve the interests of the LGBT community and understand their issues can be partnered with. Students should be able to interact with patients from sexually diverse backgrounds. It has been suggested that the nursing curriculum should be infused with content relevant to the LGBT. Even material such as films and documentaries on the LGBT can be utilized in the classroo m for proper introduction to issues faced by the LGBT in the healthcare system (Fidelindo, Kim, Min, 2014). New and updated methods of diagnosis are required for the LGBT population when suspected of gonorrhoeae. The Centre for Disease Control recommends the use of Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections rather than the culture test because of better sensitivity. However culture tests are important when checking for antibiotic sensitivity. The test allows for better testing of the extragenital testing for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections(Barbee, Dombrowski, Kerani, Golden, 2014). Messages of prevention through messages targeted at MSM who are not yet identified as gay may respond positively to messages that promote safe sex and less risky behaviour. The altered behaviour may lead to lead to less transmission of STIs (Johnson, et al., 2008). Gonorrhoeae among women if left untreated can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Research on the health aspects that pertain to the LGBT is not very common. Very few papers on the subject of gonorrhoeae in the LGBT community are available. In the absence of sufficient research on the subject the understanding of the difficulties by this sub-population will be less. Policy makers depend on social activists backed by scientific research to be able to frame policy that can alleviate problems and difficulties faced by the LGBT in the healthcare system. So, more research in the area is required. Gay men and transgender individuals are more likely to suffer from STIs. Most health disparities faced by them are due to homophobia and stigma that lead to discrimination against them(Fidelindo Nathan, 2011). Patients from sexual and gender minorities re at a disadvantage because often physicians treating them lack the specific knowledge about health issues that are specific to them. Training of physicians in non-discriminatory approach while treating the sexual minorities is important (Jabson, Mitchell, Doty, 2016). As many as 27% patients from the LGBT have reported that physicians were prejudiced against them, while 2% patients felt that the hostility was rather open. 21% patients have reported that the physician was non-supportive on learning that they were either gay or lesbian. In fact up to 30% physicians have been found to be homophobic (Lee, et al., 2008). Given such a homophobic environment in the health industry it is difficult for the people from the LGBT decide whether they should disclose their identity or not. In the absence of disclosure the specific health problems, particularly with respect to STIs cannot be treated effectively. Apart from the social, medical difficulties and unique association of gonorrhoeae with the LGBT community, there is another problem that is raising its head, that of multidrug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. To counter the menace of the public health concern posed by this organism, it is important to understand that the high usage of known antimicrobials, less than optimum monitoring of the antibiotic resistance the gonococcal infections may become more difficult to treat. The understanding of how the mechanism of resistance has evolved may pave the path for the discovery of novel antibiotics against this pathogen (Unemoa Shafer, 2014). Conclusion The prevalence of gonococcal disease among the LGBT community has become a public health challenge due to several factors. The risky behaviour associated with MSM wherein multiple partners, promiscuity and exposure to the pathogens causes the disease in many of the men in the sexually active age-group. The asymptomatic infection may cause urethritis, pharyngitis, cervicitis, salpingitis or proctitis and is usually diagnosed by culture tests of swabs of affected area or by nucleic acid amplification test on samples from the affected parts. In women, the propensity for the disease is there among the lesbian women. The social and sexual attached to the people from the sexual minorities makes it difficult for them to access treatment. Nursing staff and physicians may be homophobic and at times lack in training to be able to understand the problems specific to the LGBT because of deficient curricula. The nature of the disease makes it imperative that there be a relationship of trust betwe en the doctor and the patient, Failing which the patient may not return for follow-up treatment if made to feel uncomfortable during the process of treatment and diagnosis. Several people from the LGBT community have been abused as children and thus resort to risky behaviour as adults. Research activity in the area of gonococcal treatment specifically for the LGBT is less. Therefore a lot of gaps remain in understanding of how to deal with the issue of STIs among this target population. The treatment of gonorrhoeae has also become a challenge due to the development of antibiotic resistance. Very few antibiotics are now effective against the pathogen. The mechanism of resistance when understood will provide clues for development of new therapy. Treatment will require understanding that envelops all aspects of disease transmission. References Barbee, L., Dombrowski, J., Kerani, R., Golden, M. (2014). Effect of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing on Detection of Extragenital Gonorrhea and Chlamydial Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Patients. Sexually Tramitted Diseases, 41 (3), 168-172. Brennan, A., Barnsteiner, J., Siantz, M., Cotter, V., Everett, J. (2011). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or intersexed content for nursing curricula. Journal of Professional Nursing, 28(2):96-104. CDC. (2014). casedefinitions-2014.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov: https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/casedefinitions-2014.pdf Chan, P., Robinette, A., Montgomery, M., Almonte, A., Cu-Uvin, S., Lonks, J., . . . Hardy, E. (2016). Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Review of the Literature. Infectious Diseses in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2016:5758387. Fidelindo, A. D., Kim, J., Min, S. (2014). Addressing Health Care Disparities in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Population: A Review of Best Practices. American Journal of Nursing, 114(6):24-34. Fidelindo, L., Nathan, L. (2011). Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health. American Journal of Nursing, 111(11):11. Jabson, J., Mitchell, J., Doty, S. (2016). Associations between non-discrimination and training policies and physicians attitudes and knowledge about sexual and gender minority patients: a comparison of physicians from two hospitals. BMC Public Health, 16: 256 doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2927-y. Johnson, W., Diaz, R., Flanders, W., Goodman, M., Hill, A., Holtgrave, D., . . . McClellan, W. (2008). Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3):CD001230. Lee, R., Melhado, T., Chacko, K., White, K., Huebschmann, A., Crane, L. (2008). The Dilemma of Disclosure: Patient Perspectives on Gay and Lesbian Providers. Journl of General Internal Medicine, 23(2): 142147. Lutz, A. (2015). Screening for Asymptomatic Extragenital Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Significance, Recommendations, and Options for Overcoming Barriers to Testing. LGBT Health, 2(1):27-34. O'Leary, D. (2014). The syndemic of AIDS and STDS among MSM. The Linacre Quarterly, 81(1): 1237. Trebach, J., Chaulk, C., Page, K., Tuddenham, S., Ghanem, K. (2015). Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis among women reporting extragenital exposures. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 42(5):233-9. Unemoa, M., Shafer, W. (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st Century: Past, Evolution, and Future. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27(3): 587613. Workowski, K. B. (2015). Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(RR3);1-137.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Dead Butcher and His Fiend-Like Queen free essay sample

Malcolm is referring to Macbeth as the â€Å"dead butcher† and to Lady Macbeth as â€Å"his fiend-like queen. † A butcher in the use of this play is a person who kills showing no regret for their actions or reason for the killings. The fiend as Lady Macbeth is to say she is very evil and has no morals, able to bend other’s wills to equal her own giving them a confused air of what they really want. On the other hand to say Macbeth was always a butcher is an unfair evaluation of him, as it doesn’t reflect the views that the whole of Scotland had at the beginning of the play. Fiend is a brilliant way to describe Lady Macbeth as she is the one who initially introduced the feeling of evil into the play and into Macbeth leading him to commit the act of treason against God’s representative on Earth, King Duncan. To begin with Macbeth is a highly respected Thane of Glamis with a set life for his wife, Lady Macbeth and himself. He is referred to as â€Å"noble† and a â€Å"valiant soldier† not at all a butcher and would die in battle for his King. His noble acts then promote him to Thane of Cawdor. Following his well-deserved promotion Lady Macbeth had a letter delivered about Macbeth’s encounter with witches, their prophecies and his transfer to Thane of Cawdor. Lady Macbeth hatches a plan to ensure all of the witches prophecies become reality by getting rid of the one thing that stands in their way: King Duncan. However her plan is interrupted by Macbeth who is loyal to the King and refuses to be a part of the fiendish act. She knows he has ambition and it would be difficult for her to convince him to commit the act of treason, â€Å"yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it. † Lady Macbeth’s fiend-like qualities have shown after Macbeth’s letter is received. She seems to show a strong hate towards the limitations of her sex. Being a woman traditionally holds feelings of sensitivity and being beautiful limits her from being capable of committing murder. In her famous soliloquy she says: â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full of direst cruelty. † She wishes to be removed from her body to be able to commit the deed which cannot be done while she is a woman. Further in her soliloquy she says: â€Å"Make thick my blood, stood up th’ access and passage to remorse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Not only does she want the limitations removed, but she also wishes for the guilt to end, an end to her remorse and emotions. This combination will enable her to become more of a butcher than Macbeth ever was. Throughout the whole play Lady Macbeth gives the definition to the term fiend. Macbeth again is seen to disprove the image of a butcher before Duncan’s murder as he reconsiders whether his actions will have any effect and whether he should continue or not. Macbeth says: â€Å"First, I am his kinsman and his subject- strong both against the deed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and argues against the murder of Duncan, he doesn’t believe that it is right that he kills Duncan due to family and royal relations. Macbeth succeeds in persuading himself against the murder of Duncan, as shown when he says, â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on the other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He compares his inner ambition to the riding of a horse, but then he states the he has no reason to leap high off of his horse to kill the king because he knows he will eventually fall. Clearly no butcher would freeze and think over their actions before actually committing them, and a real butcher would never be able to stop themselves from doing the senseless act that is described as butchery. At this point in the play Lady Macbeth is shown to use her methods of persuasion on Macbeth himself. One of these is her knowing of his weaknesses and she uses this to her advantage to change his opinion again. She says: â€Å"To be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this single statement Lady Macbeth attacks Macbeth’s honour and bravery as well as his inner ambition. Macbeth is being told to act as he thinks and becoming cowardly for not doing it. The unlikeliness of Macbeth being called a coward before lets the comment gets under his skin and tries to prove to his wife that his courage is intact. However, Lady Macbeth’s intentions are not understood until she backs up her argument to why Duncan should be murdered: â€Å"I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this. † No human says but a fiend, what mother would intentionally hurt their child even if they had sworn to do it? Macbeth is not a butcher, and Lady Macbeth is not just a fiend. As shown, although Malcolm’s statement does describe certain aspects of the personalities it is a vague description of the whole extent of their characters. Macbeth is a brave and valiant man who had been turned to butchery by weakness and his desire to gain power, exploited by his wife. Fiendish is a more decent way to describe Lady Macbeth but it still lacks the ability to capture her true nature as disturbed and evil. It would be fair to say that the statement tries to create an overall evaluation of both characters in a single statement but in the process makes them seem less dramatic and complex than they actually are.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

Sample of a Basic Introduction For An Essay About Personality

Sample of a Basic Introduction For An Essay About PersonalityThe sample of a basic introduction for an essay about personality will provide the student with an introduction to the topic. After this introduction, a student is allowed to expand upon it in their own creative way. The important thing to remember is that when a student takes the time to create the introduction for an essay about personality, they are helping themselves in writing a better essay.When writing the introduction for an essay about personality, the first thing a student needs to do is decide on the purpose for the essay. If the essay is not really meant to cover personality, then the sample of a basic introduction for an essay about personality will do the trick. It will provide a tool for the student to practice how to construct an introduction and what the purpose is.This is the perfect introduction to take to a school or college essay contest if the essay is meant to simply be about personality. This sample can be used by writers who are in the process of developing an essay on a new topic. Most people do not realize that the introduction to an essay on personality is one of the most important parts of the entire essay.By starting off the introduction with a paragraph, which states the question at the beginning of the essay, it gives a question to a reader. Once the reader has answered the question, they are free to expand on the introduction that is provided in the paragraph.Now, if the essay is meant to simply be about personality, the sample of a basic introduction for an essay about personality is not necessary. The next paragraph should start out with a statement of fact about the student. From there, the student can continue to explain what kind of person the student is by explaining how they think.Most students will describe the type of person that is cool, extroverted, introverted, quiet, or loud. Then, the student is allowed to describe how the student acts in certain situatio ns, how they speak in certain situations, and how they respond to others in certain situations.These are very interesting students that you might want to read. They have great experience and stories to tell. By using the sample of a basic introduction for an essay about personality, you are actually giving yourself the best chance to become a great writer.

Sunday, April 5, 2020

WalMart

WalMart-SWOT Essay Strengths Wal-Mart is a powerful retail brand. It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. Wal-Mart has grown substantially over recent years, and has experienced global expansion (for example its purchase of the United Kingdom based retailer ASDA). The company has a core competence involving its use of information technology to support its international logistics system. For example, it can see how individual products are performing country-wide, store-by-store at a glance. IT also supports Wal-Marts efficient procurement. A focused strategy is in place for human resource management and development. People are key to Wal-Marts business and it invests time and money in training people, and retaining a developing them. Weaknesses Wal-Mart is the Worlds largest grocery retailer and control of its empire, despite its IT advantages, could leave it weak in some areas due to the huge span of control. Since Wal-Mart sell products across many sectors (such as clothing, food, or stationary), it may not have the flexibility of some of its more focused competitors. The company is global, but has has a presence in relatively few countries Worldwide. We will write a custom essay on WalMart-SWOT specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Opportunities To take over, merge with, or form strategic alliances with other global retailers, focusing on specific markets such as Europe or the Greater China Region. The stores are currently only trade in a relatively small number of countries. Therefore there are tremendous opportunities for future business in expanding consumer markets, such as China and India. New locations and store types offer Wal-Mart opportunities to exploit market development. They diversified from large super centres, to local and mall-based sites. Opportunities exist for Wal-Mart to continue with its current strategy of large, super centres. Threats Being number one means that you are the target of competition, locally and globally. Being a global retailer means that you are exposed to political problems in the countries that you operate in. The cost of producing many consumer products tends to have fallen because of lower manufacturing costs. Manufacturing cost have fallen due to outsourcing to low-cost regions of the World. This has lead to price competition, resulting in price deflation in some ranges. Intense price competition is a threat. .

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Self-Respect

Self-Respect The dismal fact is that self-respect has nothing to do with the approval of others - who are, after all, deceived easily enough; has nothing to do with reputation, which, as Rhett Butler told Scarlett O’Hara, is something people with courage can do without. ~Joan Didion, author of a Star is Born, winner of the National Book Award.   Self-respect is not easily achieved, because all around us we are barraged with stimuli telling us how great or worthless we are. The fact is, without self-respect, what others think consumes us. When we understand, love, and care for ourselves, and in turn our storytelling, we then have the mental maturity to sift through the judgment of others . . . picking and choosing which judgment is worth listening to. In this business, we get kicked around enough without doing it to ourselves. When I read on Facebook the comments in writers groups, where writers are depressed, wondering if they ought to keep writing because they cant make money, make sales, or receive glowing reviews, I feel sorry for them. Not for the reasons they express, but for their lack of self-respect. They are screaming it. When someone is self-assured, they are a magnet for others. After all, most people dont feel good about themselves, and they gravitate to those who do. When we are not shackled That doesnt mean we dont make mistakes. Frankly, the main reason writers self-publish is to own all the responsibility. That means they accept the responsibility for all that goes well and all that fails, both of which are good. Both of which make us stronger. We did it. We own it. We do what we want and accept the fallout or glory. To accept without placing blame on others is the epitome of self-respect. So write. Publish whichever way you like. If a choice fails you, avoid pointing the finger at anyone other than ones self. Analyze what happened and launch into another direction, wiser and stronger. To blame others means you struggle to look at yourself in the mirror. Once you get past that obstacle, you can do damn near anything you want because nobody is in your way. You do, adjust, do, adjust, until you are the grandest being, in love with who you are and what you do. Doors open to people like that, because people want to be you.

Friday, February 21, 2020

Psychology Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology Research - Essay Example art John the Baptist: some, Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets†, they could provide a more truthful answer without fear of retribution or disapproval (Matthew 16:14, King James Version). When Jesus further quizzed the disciples about what they thought, the disciples knew that the first answer was not right. Thus â€Å"Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God† (Matthew 16:16, King James Version). In which Jesus rewarded him with a blessing stating â€Å"Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven† (Matthew 16:17, King James Version). Jesus would have made an excellent interrogator. The methods he used are used today when interviewing a criminal or trying to get to the truth about a matter. He first asked whatever one else thought. This gives the individual being questioned a way to tell the truth without being embarrassed or looking guilty. When the disciples gave the wrong answer, then Jesus pressed them for what they thought. This allows a person to explain themselves. Finally after giving the answer being sought by Jesus, the disciple that answered was praised. Another point is Jesus questioned a crowd (at least twelve). That gives a sense of competition to get the answer right, sort of peer pressure. In the end, the statement of being â€Å"Son of man† was confirmed by Simon Peter. Jesus not only sublimely planted the answer, but made Simon Peter think it was his

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

The Effects of Dual Credit and Dual Enrollment on High School Students Essay

The Effects of Dual Credit and Dual Enrollment on High School Students - Essay Example To resolve this issue of seniors â€Å"blowing off the senior year† due to a lack of any substantial challenge, in 1973 the Project Advance program of Syracuse University was created (Andrews, 2004). Following this development the model was adopted by various institutions and consequently there was an emergence of a multitude of dual credit programs. In 1974, LaGuardia Community College, New York established the Middle College High School program targeting alienated and at risk students in typical high schools who potentially may not succeed in acquiring their diplomas (Lewis & Overman, 2008). Similar programs were adopted by Florida International University in 1982 (Partners in Progress) and Kingsborough Community College in 1984 (College Now). Motivated by the success of the Minnesota dual credit program, Washington State passed the ‘Running Start’ program in 1990 which allowed juniors and seniors with necessary qualifications to take college level courses at te chnical and community colleges without having to pay college tuition. In 1994 this was expanded to incorporate four year universities if there were no community colleges in the high school district (Kim & Bragg, 2008; Board, 2011) In 2004, the legislature founded House Bill 3103 which established federal guidelines tailored to provide assistance to high schools via increasing the magnitude of dual credit programs, expanding the breadth of the curriculum of these programs, and tutoring/mentoring students to aid in a seamless transition into postsecondary educational institutions (Washington State Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2005). Definitional Issues Opinion is divided among experts regarding the proper terminology that should be accorded to the opportunity provided to high school students to attend college classes which generate credits at both high school and college levels. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board defines a dual credit course as one that includes academic as well as technical courses. For the present purpose, dual enrollment hereon is defined following Klein (2007, p.23) as â€Å"courses that allow high school students to receive both high school and college credit simultaneo usly†. These modules are typically taught by professors or adjunct instructors belonging to the institution, and the same classes are attended by college and high school students. Concurrent enrollment for early-college high schools is also located on the college campus but only high school students attend class. The Early College High School, founded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation in 2002 serves traditionally underrepresented students by enabling them to access the simultaneous pursuit of college credits and a high school (American Institute for Research, 2009). Because they are easier to implement as well as less expensive, concurrent and dual enrollments have gained greater popularity (Karp & Bailey, April 2005). Kim & Bragg (2008) additionally distinguish articulated credit courses such as career and technical education, International Baccalaureate and Advanced Placement which only allow high school students to apply for the college credits. The present literatur e review will restrict its focus to concurrent and dual credit courses. Notably, these courses have the twin fold benefit of assisting a high school student either to an academic career or into the workforce (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2011). The paper will primarily address the following questions: 1. What are the principal benefits and major concerns for students who participate in dual enrollment/dual credit programs? 2. What are the central advantages and disadvantages for partnering institutions? 3. What